New fossil evidence may represent the most ancient life ever discovered.
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Tiny tubes of iron-bearing minerals from northern Quebec in Canada may be fossils made by the earliest known life on Earth. Scientists from University College London have analyzed the rocks containing these structures and found chemical signatures indicating biological processes. Along with the structural complexity of the tubes, the chemical evidence suggests that these are the remains of very ancient microorganisms. The age of the rocks is controversial, but if the outside estimate is correct, and the samples are indeed fossils, they would be well over 4 billion years old. By implication, life would then have arisen even earlier, relatively soon after the formation of the planet. The findings would point to a higher likelihood of life on other worlds.

READ: New evidence suggests life on Earth may have arisen more than 4 billion years ago.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/oldest-life-earth-iron-fossils-canada-vents-science/

Are These the Oldest Fossils Ever Found? | National Geographic

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Pachacamac is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the longest inhabited ancient settlements in the Americas. An important religious center, the vast complex is today just 30 miles outside of the Lima, the most populous city in Peru. As a result, Pachacamac faces the threat of invasion and exploitation. Creating business opportunities and related education opportunities for the community encourages the local people to take ownership of the site and protect it from destruction. Through efforts with the Sustainable Preservation Initiative (SPI), the community now builds futures and saves pasts for its residents.
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Denise Pozzi-Escot is the director of the Pachacamac Site Museum. She is committed to protecting the site from all threats to the important cultural heritage. Since 2014, she has worked and partnered with the Sustainable Preservation Initiative (SPI) to ensure a socially responsible approach to protecting the site. SPI is a global not-for-profit organization that creates economic opportunity and stability by giving communities around archaeological sites the tools to be self-reliant, leveraging their historic sites responsibly and freeing them to thrive. The result: the preservation of our collective legacy. SPI’s programs focus on providing local residents, primarily women, with business and artisan skills so they benefit from Pachacamac’s tourism, and therefore rely on its preservation. SPI and the museum organized a group of local women who came together from the area surrounding Pachacamac. These women have formed an organization that they control and run themselves called Sisan (“flowering” in the local Quechua language) where they create and sell products related to the site’s cultural history and iconography. Their business is profitable and self-sustaining, and they are proud defenders of Pachacamac. The Pachacamac Site Museum has a store where artisanal products made by the group and other SPI projects around Peru are sold.

The SPI program not only an economic but also a social hub for disadvantaged women from surrounding communities. Pozzi-Escot says, “To see the way the women—who came here some years ago and were so timid—feel about themselves and have become empowered is an important achievement. For them, SPI and the Pachacamac Site Museum truly means improving their quality of life and it also means knowing who they are and where they want to go.”

Pachacamac is the most visited site on the central Peruvian coast, and the staff also hosts community and educational programs. For example, children come and learn about archaeological preservation, native plants, and how to make adobe for conserving the ancient architecture.

“I think what makes me most happy is knowing that the people here feel like they are a part of their own history and of Pachacamac,” says Pozzi-Escot. “That is the most important thing.” Pozzi-Escot knows that their activities at the museum and with SPI are connecting cultural heritage to the present-day lives of local people, giving locals a way to better their lives and protect the site from destruction. “One of the satisfactions I have in my work is knowing that we will no longer need the intervention of the police to protect this site,” she said. Only the efforts of those whose lives rely on the preservation of Pachacamac can ensure its existence for the future.

Learn about SISAN and the Sustainable Preservation Initiative (SPI)
https://www.facebook.com/sisan.museo.pachacamac/
http://www.sustainablepreservation.org

Read about space archaeology http://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/space-archaeology/

GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru: http://www.globalxplorer.org/#new-page-3

Closed captions are available in English and Spanish.

Senior Producer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: Dave Nathan
Director of Photography: Juan Antonio Puyol
Executive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Special Thanks: Sustainable Preservation Initiative

How Scientists and Citizens Are Protecting Ancient Ruins in Peru | National Geographic

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